All injections are performed using precision image guidance, either fluoroscopy or ultrasound, and in accordance with applicable Spine Intervention Society Procedural Guidelines

• Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar transforaminal epidural injections
• Cervical interlaminar epidural injection
• Diagnostic medial branch facet nerve blocks (all spinal segments)
• Intra-articular facet joint injections (all spinal segments, including C1-C2 lateral mass joints)
• Provocative discography (all spinal segments)
• Intra-discal therapeutic injections (all spinal segments)
• Radiofrequency facet neurotomy (all spinal segments)
• Peripheral joint, ligament, and tendon injections (typically ultrasound-guided
• Peripheral nerve blocks, diagnostic and/or therapeutic (including hydrodissection)
• Spinal cord stimulator trials and permanent implants
• Peripheral nerve stimulator trials and permanent implants
• Sacroiliac joint injection
• Minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion (posterior-inferior approach)
• Vertiflex, MinuteMan, and MILD procedures for spinal stenosis
• Extradural transection/avulsion of medial branch nerves (endoscopic) for lumbar facet pain
• Kyphoplasty (thoracic and lumbar)
• Basivertebral Nerve Ablation (Intracept procedure)
• Botox injections for migraine (PREEMPT protocol)

C-arm-guided diagnostic injections use local anesthetics with non-ionic iodine-based contrast.

Therapeutic injections may include steroids or orthobiologic materials, e.g., PRP, BMAC, A2M, Platelet Lysate, or amniotic fluid. Autologous biologics are prepared using EmCyte protocols.